![]() ![]() William and Martha Kneale, in their magisterial Development of Logic, noted:įrege says that the relation of the script to ordinary speech is like that of the microscope to the eye and claims for it the merits which had been predicted by Leibniz and others in the seventeenth century for a calculus philosophicus et ratiocinator. Frege's Begriffsschrift or concept writing was not only clearer, it was more abstract. Thus, logic addressed not the unit of the natural-language sentence but the unit of the logical or mathematical function. They constructed a logic that took abstract collectivities or sets, rather than simple distinctions, as its primitive form. ![]() Toward the end of the century, however, Georg Cantor and Gottlob Frege led a brilliant recovery of formal logic. Nihilism was the inevitable product of this theoretical subroutine, which Nietzsche brought to a brilliant conclusion. ![]() Even the most fundamental notions could not be consistently distinguished: truth and falsity and life and death flipped like the rabbit and the duck in the optical illusion. Logic fell into a Hegelian funk in the nineteenth century. ![]()
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